Does it matter for unemployment benefits whether I was laid off or fired?

Trying to understand if the reason I lost my job changes whether I can even get unemployment.

Generally, yes, it can matter. Being laid off (let go due to the company's decision — restructuring, budget cuts, position eliminated, through no fault of your own) usually makes you eligible for unemployment benefits. Being fired "for cause" — meaning your state finds it was due to serious misconduct like theft, violating a clear policy, or similar — can make you ineligible, though being fired for simply underperforming or "not being a good fit" often does still qualify, depending on your state's specific rules. Quitting voluntarily without a qualifying reason (like documented unsafe working conditions or certain protected reasons) usually disqualifies you, though there are exceptions state to state. If your former employer disputes your claim, you'll typically get a chance to respond with your side before a final decision — don't skip that step even if it feels like a formality, since default rulings can go against you if you don't respond.